Fundamentals of nursing

Fundamentals of nursing ,

TOPIC 

According to the American Nurses Association

According to the American Nurses Association , nursing practice is a direct service , goal directed and adaptable to the need of the individual the family , and community during health and illness. 

Nurse full form

Full form of NURSE 

N :- Nobility 

U :- understanding

R :- Responsibility

S :- Sympathy

E :- Efficiency 

Definition of nursing

Definition of nursing :-

Nursing is a unique function of nurses to assist individual in the performance of those activities contributing to health and it's recovery that he would perform unaided of he had the necessary strength win or knowledge.

Teenage pimples

 Teenage me pimples nikalna ek aam baat hai lekin kuch ladkiyo me yeh samasya jyada dekhi jaati hai.

Toh aaj hum baat krte h en pimples se kese nijat paaye.

1. Teenage pimples jyada nikal rhe h toh yh hormones ki wajah se bhi ho sakhta hai esliye apni diet me protein ,vitamins aur iron lena chahiye. Junk food 🍟🍕 or fast food se bachna chahiye. 

2. Diet sahi h lekin fir bhi nikal rhe h toh kisi bhi tarah ki medicine nhi leni chahiye... Kyuki yh pimples hmri growth ke time nikalte h. 

3. Apne pillow cover change krte rehne chahiye, pillow cover neat and clean rkhne chahiye, jisse face par dust na lge , or pimples na nikle.

4. Kabhi kabhi kuch oil ki wajah se bhi pimples nikal aate h esliye jo oil use kr rhe h , usko check kr lena chahiye , jo oil use ho rha h kahi usse pimples toh nhi nikal rahe.

5. Pimples ko baar baar touch nhi krna chaiye , na hi pimples ko fodne chahiye aur na hi ragadne chaiye.

6. Soap use na karke natural facewash use karna chahiye.

7. Makeup kam se kam karna chahiye , teenage m makeup nhi krna chaiye kyuki es time hmra face kuch chemical ke liye ready nhi hota , aap sab jante h bazaar m aisi bahut si cream h jisme chemical bahut hote h jisse hmri skin ko nuksaan ho sakhta hai , agar kabhi makeup krna ho toh makeup se phle skin ko ache se clean kr lena chahiye uske baad makeup karna chahiye , jab aap aa jaaye toh sabse phle makeup remove krna chaiye.

#clean&clear #himalayas aise face wash market m available hote h inko use karna chahiye.. 

Teenager ko agar pimple ki aisi koi samasya h toh please diye hue rule follow kre nd clean and bright skin paaye...

Computer Part :- 3

Computer have no feeling , no IQ . Computer is a machine that has no intelligence to perform....

A computer can't take any action.

It can't make judgement based on feeling like angry , emotions , love and humanity.

Computer have no feeling and emotion.

Computer Part :- 2

 Benefits of computer :- 

 • Increase your productivity 

 • connect to internet

•  storage 

•  organised data and information

Function of computer :- 

Step 1 :- takes data as input.

Step 2 :- storage the data instruction. 

Step 3 :- process the data converts into used full information.

Step 4 :- generates the output. 

Input —› Process —› Output 

Advantages of computer :- 

• High speed 

• storage 

• accuracy 

• automation 

• reduction paper work and cost

• reduction time 

• help for education 

• help for learn many languages

Computer Part :- 1

 Computer 

What is Computer ?

A computer is an advance electronic device that data as an input from the users and process. 

Computer Fullform 

C :- Commonly 

O :- operating 

M :- machine 

P :- purpose to 

U :-  used for 

T :- technique and 

E :- education 

R :- research 

Psychology Part :- 3

 Importance of psychology in nursing

1. Psychology help for affective study. 

2. To recognize abnormal behaviour. 

3. To understand people.

4. To understand her oneself. 

5. To understand patients. 

6. To provide quality care to patients. 

7. Psychology will help the nurse to attend the patient quick and cure.

8. Help patients adjust to the situation. 

9. Psychology help the nurses in recognizing mental illness of general health hospital and community health centers and provides appropriate guidance to deal with stress , anxiety and other life problem.

10. A nurse with good knowledge of human psychology can better understanding of patients behaviour. 

Psychology Part :- 3

 Scope of psychology 

1. It describes and explain the behaviour of the living organisms. 

2. It describe all type activity in living organisms. 

3. It study not only human behaviour it study also animal , insects , birds  and plant life behaviour. 

4. Psychology describe all living organisms it's include species , age , sex , mental and physical state. 

Psychology Part :- 2

 Sigmund Freud is a father of modern psychology and also psychoanalysis theory father.

Narendra nath Sen Gupta is the father of Indian psychology. 

Evolution of psychology 

Study of soul —› Study of mind —› Study of concious experience —› Study of behaviour

In today's time , psychology are study of behaviour.

Behaviour include all human activities like motor activity , congnitive activity and Conapive activity ( Emotional activity ). 

Motor activity :- 

Like walking , speaking , swimming and Dancing. All movements activity are including in motor activity. 

Cognitive activity :- 

Remembering , reasoning , studying are included in congnitive activity.

Conapive activity :- 

All human activities are included in :- like feeling happy , sad , angry and how to react in any situation. 

Psychology Part :- 1

Psychology 

Psychology is a Greek word Psychi means Soul and logos means  the study of 

"The study of soul"

The first psychologist William Maximilian wundt. He is known as father of Psychology.

In ancient time , psychology separated from philosophy. 

In 1879 , the William Maximilian wundt start first laboratory in Leipzig Germany , they investigation of human psychology to study it.

In 20th century , many psychologist came and give different views about nature of mind. Where they investigation the lab called school of psychology and also known as school of psychology.  Psychology is a independent subject it has many branches . Psychology mainly divided into two parts :—

1. Pure psychology

2. Applied psychology 

Definition of psychology

According to William MC Doughall , 1949 :—

Psychology is a science which aims to give us better understanding to control our behaviour of living organisms as a whole. 

According to Jackson , 1979 :—

Psychology is a investigation of human, animal and plant life behaviour , and of the mentally and psychological process associate with the behaviour. 

Unit :- Blood ( Part :- 2 )

 Cellular content of blood :- 

There are three types of blood cells — 

1. Erythrocytes ( RBCs ) 

2. Leucocytes ( WBCs ) 

3. Thromocytes ( Platelets ) 

  

 • All blood cells originated from pluripotent stems cells several developmental stages.

• All process of blood cell formation is called haemoposis and takes place within red blood narrow , haemoposis in the skeleton is confirned to flat bone irregular bones and the ends of long bone , the main sites are skull , ribs , sternum and pelvis . 

Lymphocyte are produced lymphoid tissue. 

Erythrocytes Or RBCs 

These are circular , biconcave and non nucleated. They have no nucleus, and there diameter is about 7 micrometre (mm) . There main function is in gas transport, mainly of O² but they also carries some CO² . 

Life span and function of erythrocytes 

Erythrocytes are produced in red bone narrow which is present in the ends of long bone. 

1. There lifespan is about 120 days. 

2. The Process of development of RBCs from pluripotent stems cells that about 7 days , and is called erythrocytes. 

3. Both vitamin B12 and golvi acid are required for red blood synthesis.

Oxygen transport - HB :- Structure , synthesis and breakdown vaccination of molicules 

1. Hb is a large complex containing a globular protein and its takes pigmented , iron containing complex call haem. 

2. Each Hb molecules contain 4 atom of iron.

3. When all four oxygen bonding sites on a Hb molecules are full described as situated. 

O² —› oxyhaemoglobin

Hb + O² —› HbO 

4. At each atom of ion can combined an O² molecules , this means that as single Hb molecules can carry upto four molecules of oxygen.

Control of erythrocytes :- 

The no. Of blood cells remain constant, which means that the bone narrow, produce erythrocytes at the rate which they are destroy, the primary stimulies to increased erythropoiesis, is hypoxia that is deficient O² supply to body cells.

This occurs when — 

The O² carrying capacity of blood is reduced by ex. — Haemorrhage breakdown ( haemolysis ) . 

 • Hypoxin increase erythrocytes formation by stimulating the product of the hormone erythtopoetin mainly by the kidneys erythrocytes.

• Stimulates an increase in the production of proerythoplast carbon release increased number of reticulocytes into the blood. 

This increase no. Of carrying capacity of blood and reverse tissue hypoxia. 

Destruct of erythocytes 

• The lifespan of erythocytes is about 120 days and their breakdown of hemolysis is carried out by phagocytosis reticuloendothelial cells, these cells are found in many tissue by the main sides of hemolysis are the spleen , bone narrow and their.

• As erythocytes ages their cell membrant become susceptive to haemolysis retained in the body and reused in the bone narrow to form new haemoglobin (Hb ) molecules. 

Unit :- Blood ( Part :- 1 )

 Circulatory system ( Blood formation , composition , blood group , blood congumation ) circulatory and lymphatic system

The circulatory system

Blood is a fluid , connective tissue. It's circulates continually around the body. It provide one of the means of communication between the cells of different parts of the body and external environment.

Composition and formation of Blood

Physical properties of blood

1- Amount :- 

Blood consititue about 7 - 9 Percent of total body weight .

Colour :-

Red colour due to presence of hemoglobin (red pigment) 

Viscosity :-

3.5 - 5.4 . It is thicker z heavier and viscous than water.

Power of hydrogen ion ( P.H. value ) :- 

It is slightly alkaline it pH between 7.35 to 7.45 . 

Temperature :- 

Temperature of blood 38°C ( 100.4°F ) .

Composition of blood

Plasma normally constitute about 55% and cells about 45% of blood volume . 

Plasma :- 

The constituent of plasma are water are dissolved substance including —

1.  Plasma proteins 

2.  Inorganic salts 

3.  Nutrients 

4.  Waste materials 

5.  Hormones

6.  Gases 

Plasma proteins :- 

Plasma proteins make about 7% of plasma and they are normally retained in the blood because they are too big to escape through the capillaries pores into the tissues. They are responsible for creating osmosis pressure of blood. Normal osmosis pressure is 25 mm of Hg which keeps plasma fluid within recirculation plasma viscosity is due to plasma protein mainly aluvin , globin and fibrogen

 Aluvin :- 

These are formed in the liver . There are functions is to maintain normal plasma osmosis pressure. Alumin also act as carrier molicules for lipid and hormones.

Globin :- 

It's formed in liver and they remains in lymphoid tissue. There are functions are –

1. As antibodies 

2. Transportation of some hormones and minerals salts. 

3. Inhibition of proteolytic enzymes. 

Clothing factors :- 

These are substances essential for formation conglation of blood. Serum is plasma from which clotting factor have been removed fibrogen is synthetic in the liver and is essential for blood congumation.

Inorganic salts :- 

These are involved is an wide variety of activities including muscle contraction, transmission of nerve impulses , formation of secretion and maintenance of acid based balanced. The pH of blood is 7.35 - 7.45 . 

Nutrients :- 

In the alimentary canal food is broken down into small pieces. Ex. Mono - saccharides , amino acid , fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed. Together with minerals salts they are required by all body cells to provide heat , energy , material for repair and replacement and for the synthesis of other blood components and body secreation.

Waste products :- 

Urea  creatinine , uric acid are the waste products of protein metabolism. They are formed in the liver and conveyed in blood to the kidney for secretion.

Hormones :- 

These are substances synthesized by endocrine glands. Hormones pass directly from the endocrine cells into blood which transport them to their target cells. 

Gases :- 

Oxygen , CO² and nitrogen and transportated around the body dissolved in plasma . O² and CO² are also transporter in combination with haemoglobin in blood cells. Nitrogen is present in plasma but it has no physiological functions.